As the central government tries to move 250 million of its citizens from rural areas into towns and cities by 2050, it is determined to make its urban areas efficient and equipped with the technology to handle such a vast population influx.
A refrigerated smart locker for online food orders.
To cement its status as a "smart city" leader, Yinchuan has for two years hosted the Smart City In Focus conference, which this year attracted 1,000 delegates from 66 different countries.
A smart city is defined as an urban settlement which marries big data, technology and urban planning, and hints at a future worthy of the Jetsons.
"What makes China special is that they’re looking to create a repeatable pattern as to how to build and create and roll out a smart city," says Carl Piva, vice president of strategic programs at TM Forum, which organized this conference.
"In the West, we world don’t have that sense of ’rolling out’ like they tend to do."
Why Yinchuan?
At first glance, Yinchuan may not seem the most obvious choice to be a "smart city" leader.
Its population of 1.5 million pales compared to that of Beijing (13 million) and Shanghai (24 million).
Wouldn’t it make more sense to start by making smart already developed cities, where citizens are more likely to benefit and participate?
Piva says not.
"The problem is these cities are already too big," he says.
A blank canvas like Yinchuan can more flexibly adopt new technologies, and then "attract people that would otherwise have gone to Beijing or Shanghai."
The city’s grand ambitions are evident in the dozens of shiny -- but empty -- tower blocks that line the streets.
"They’re empty because they’re planned for new citizens. They are thinking they can organize the technology first, and then move in some citizens, and they will have the city prepared," says Dr. Igor Calzada, a lecturer and senior policy adviser at the University of Oxford Program for the Future of Cities, who also spoke at the conference.
He’s not convinced by that approach.
"They’re operating with this assumption that all cities should be built from scratch, that you can create this new city and everything is going to work perfectly well from the first day. Cities don’t work like that," Calzada tells CNN.
"What they’ll see in five years time is how the citizens’ behavior and technology should be connected, and it’s not that easy."
Data: Boon or curse?
So much of Yinchuan’s potential comes down to data -- information gathered about each citizen can make their lives better, is the core philosophy.
Take, for example, the city’s healthcare system.
Peter Sany, president of TM Forum, imagines a world where sensors can, for example, monitor the insulin level on a diabetic patient, and send an alarm if he goes into diabetic shock. Or perhaps a motion detector can determine when an elderly patient suffers a fall and, in turn, alert an emergency response team.
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Yinchaun’s command center oversees a range of data.
"Look at the economics of it," says Sany. "The population is getting older, and when you get older, you get sicker. We’re running out of money because of the healthcare system, but this type of technology will reduce that burden on society."
Though Yinchuan’s healthcare isn’t there yet, that’s the direction it wants to go in.
"Smart cities provide a solution to many inevitable problems of urbanization," says Baichun. "It was designed for the people, it will work for the people and it will bring benefit to the people."
But Calzada, for one, is uneasy how so much personal data could be used by the Chinese government.
"Which data is being used? What will it be used for? I don’t know, I’m clueless, and nobody seems interested in going deep into those questions," he says.
"Some cities seem interested in thinking about the transparency of that data, some are not. Yinchuan is quite new, but no one seems interested in knowing more about how that data will be governed."
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